润滑油在内插同轴交叉翼型涡产生器管内流动与传热特性分析

以润滑油为工质,采用数值方法对圆管内插同轴交叉等腰梯形涡产生器的管内流动与传热进行了数值模拟,分析了不同结构参数如扭率（T_r=3,4,5,6）、间距比（S_s/W=0.8,0.9,1.1,1.2）和基带宽度比（W_b/W=0.30,0.45,0.60,0.75）对圆管内插同轴交叉等腰梯形涡产生器的管内流动与传热特性的影响。结果表明：在相同Re下,平均Nusselt数Nu_m、二次流强度Se、强化传热因子JF均随扭率和间距比的减小而增大,而其与基带宽度比的变化没有明显规律,阻力系数f随着扭率的减小和基带宽度比的增大而增大,间距比对f的影响甚微。在相同结构参数下,JF和Se均随Re的增大而增大。在Re=50~1000范围内,相比于光滑圆管,内插不同结构参数的同轴交叉涡产生器的Nu_m增加了32.8%~208.6%,f增加了3.38~8.92倍,JF最大可达1.434。Nu_m与Se呈幂函数相关,内插同轴交叉翼型涡产生器管内的二次流强度决定了其对流换热强度。     

孔分布对多孔孔板流场和噪声的影响

目前多孔孔板普遍采用均匀布孔结构,广泛用于管路限流降压以及减振降噪,为了进一步提高流动稳定性以及降低流噪声,在保持等效开孔直径不变的前提下,设计了具有不同孔间距、孔数和孔径的非均匀孔分布多孔孔板模型。基于数值计算结果,详细比较了含不同孔板模型管路流场中的速度、压力、回流特性、射流会聚和流动发展等流动特征。采用声学模型计算了孔板的噪声,在中心线以及垂直于流动方向的截面上设置监测点,对比了其频谱特性和总声压级。结果表明,与均匀多孔分布的常规孔板相比,孔间距等差递减、孔板边缘的孔数增多、以及孔径在满足不减少孔数的条件下增大,均能在不影响降压能力的情况下提高流动稳定性和降低板后噪声,且其噪声值分别最大改善了5.62, 6.10和7.00 dB。     

校园绿地听嗅交互感知对大学生压力 恢复的影响研究

大学校园绿地环境作为学生接触时间最长的自然环境,具有缓解大学生心理压力的作用。听觉、嗅觉作为人体接触自然的重要媒介,其交互影响研究较少。为探究校园声环境与芳香植物对大学生压力恢复的影响,设计并开展了相关的科学实验研究。实验过程如下：被试者（N=80）被随机分配到4个小组：1）声音组;2）气味组;3）交互组;4）对照组,分别进行压力恢复实验（共18min）,通过EmotivEpocX便携式脑电仪、Omron血压仪及简明心境量表（POMS）分析不同组的压力恢复情况。结果表明：1）声音组中,自然声组的压力恢复效益最佳;交互组中,自然声-栀子组的压力恢复效益最佳;2）交互刺激比单一听觉刺激的压力恢复效果更佳;3）声音与气味之间存在协同和掩蔽作用。在未来校园绿地规划中,应考虑听觉与嗅觉共同作用的健康效益。     

涡压挤扩机理应用于地基处理的室内试验研究

分析了现有各种地基处理方法的优缺点,首次提出并经室内试验验证了涡压挤扩机理。使用自行设计制作的涡压挤扩环境箱和钢套管实施粘性土和砂性土的涡压挤扩试验,设置于钢套管内的涡压叶片可顺利地将其内部的流态混凝土挤扩到周围的土体中。定义了扩径比,测得不同扭矩条件下砂性土和粘性土的扩径比,并得到其极限扭矩。对涡压过程中混凝土可能出现的流动形态进行分析,建立混凝土流动分析模型,得到流态混凝土在涡压腔内的动力学模型。结果表明,采用涡压挤扩方法处理地基在理论上是可行的,具有较强的适用性,涡压挤扩方法将为地基处理行业注入新的活力。     

大体积混凝土声波CT质量评判技术探讨

大体积混凝土因其结构体积大、承受荷载大、水泥水化热大、内部受力复杂等原因,施工中常常出现施工冷缝、泌水现象、早期温度裂缝等特有的质量问题。为此,大体积混凝土质量、特别是混凝土内部质量评判成为质量控制技术研究问题的焦点。在对大体积混凝土质量控制及检测技术研究现状分析基础上,对声波CT技术的基本原理及特点进行分析,对两个大桥的桥墩及桥台混凝土质量检测进行实例分析。实践表明,应用声波CT技术检测混凝土质量具有速度快、成本低、精度高、直观等优势,能够克服常规无损检测手段的弱点或条件限制。     

Sound localisation ability of soldiers wearing infantry ACH and PASGT helmets

Helmets provide soldiers with ballistic and fragmentation protection but impair auditory spatial processing. Missed auditory information can be fatal for a soldier; therefore, helmet design requires compromise between protection and optimal acoustics. Twelve soldiers localised two sound signals presented from six azimuth angles and three levels of elevation presented at two intensity levels and with three background noises. Each participant completed the task while wearing no helmet and with two U.S. Army infantry helmets – the Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops (PASGT) helmet and the Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH). Results showed a significant effect of helmet type on the size of both azimuth and elevation error. The effects of level, background noise, azimuth and elevation were found to be significant. There was no effect of sound signal type. As hypothesised, localisation accuracy was greatest when soldiers did not wear helmet, followed by the ACH. Performance was worst with the PASGT helmet.     

Speed of sound of ionic liquids: Database,estimation, and its application for thermal conductivity prediction

Speed of sound is an important thermodynamic property of ionic liquids (ILs) and always chosen as a source to determine other properties. A database for the speed of sound of pure ILs created by collecting experimental data from literature covering the period from 2005 to 2013 is presented. The effects of temperature and the alkyl chain length on the speed of sound are discussed and a second‐order corresponding states group contribution method is developed to estimate the speed of sound. An average absolute deviation (AAD) of 2.34% has been obtained. This method offers a simple but reliable approach to estimate the speed of sound of new ILs. Finally, the speed of sound is used to determine the thermal conductivity of ILs based on the Bridgman theory. The calculated values of thermal conductivity show a good agreement with the experimental ones with an AAD of 3.91%. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1120–1131, 2014     

Optimized transmission line matrix model implementation for graphics processing units computing in built-up environment

The increase in computational capabilities has made time-domain methods applicable for long-range sound propagation modelling. However, such approaches remain very demanding in terms of computational resources. Most current computers are supplied with a powerful device which is still little exploited: the graphics processing unit (GPU). The paper describes an implementation of a transmission line matrix model which allows parallel calculations on heterogeneous systems. A voxelization algorithm used to generate the computational domain is presented. A splitting process is also expounded which makes feasible performing huge domains simulations by accurately dividing the computational domain into subdomains. Each subdomain is enlarged by introducing extra cells containing neighbours subdomains data in order to run several computational iterations on a graphic device without data exchange with the system memory. The influence of the ghost layer depth and the speeding up of computation time with GPU are then illustrated in a realistic built-up area.     

高端KTV会所声学基本问题浅析

对北京和长沙两地某高端KTV会所内的扩声系统声学特性进行了测量和音质主观评测,并进行了对比分析,结合长沙会所现场的声学情况进给出了声学改进意见。对改造前后长沙会所的混响时间频率特性、本底噪声、声场不均匀度、传输频率特性、传声增益等声学指标进行了客观测量和主观评价,结果表明对长沙某高端KTV会所的声学改造效果明显。通过该项目总结了此类场所在声学上值得注意的问题。     

Numerical study on erosion of a pipe bend with a vortex chamber

Abrasive erosion at bend is a common issue in gas–solid pneumatic system. Vortex chamber design is one of the specialized designs that offers promising prospect at reducing erosion. The performance of design is still relatively unknown in the literature. The aim of this work is to study the effect of basic erosion variables such as the flow Reynolds number, the particle Stokes number, and the vortex chamber size. The results show that the vortex chamber always reduces the erosion in comparison to the common radius bend, and it is more effective at higher Reynolds number. Increasing the chamber size reduces the erosion but the most significant reduction happens when the chamber size to the pipe diameter ratio is increased from 1 to 1.25. The chamber size influences the erosion differently at different Reynolds number. Trends describing these effects were obtained through trial-and-error approach. The particle Stokes number has nonunique effect on erosion. Increasing Stokes number through increasing Re increases the erosion while increasing Stokes number through decreasing Re_p decreases the erosion.